GNS - Spring 2016

To make a very beautiful and inexpensive golden color

Workflow and Safety Protocol for [Insert Chemical Name Here]

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Recipe:

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<head>To make a very beautiful and inexpensive golden color</head>

<ab>First of all take a very yellow <m>orange peel</m> and carefully remove the white parts, and pulverize it very well it in a very clean mortar. Take the same amount of <m>sulphur</m>, grind all the ingredients together, pour the mixture into a glass vial, and store it in a cellar or other damp place for eight or ten days. When you want to apply it, you must warm the mixture and apply it wherever you like and you will see a very beautiful color. </ab>

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Materials Needed:

Material

Source

Seville Bitter Oranges (Indigenous to Toulouse)

Sulphur

Lab Inventory:

2.5 lbs powder; under SW fume hood

Tools Needed:

Tool	Source
Mortar (Stone)	Lab Inventory: 2; NE
[Glass Vial	Amazon: 1 dram, 2 dram]
(Palette) Knife	Lab Inventory: 23; SE
(2) 100 ml beakers	Lab Inventory 12; SW
(Hot Plate) for warm water	Lab Inventory

Workstation Setup (where will you work? how will your workstation be prepared?):

Preparation of Peel: On lab bench,

knife, orange, clean flat surface, container to collect peel

Pulverization of Peel/ Mix with Sulfur: Inside fume hood

Mortar and pestle, spatula, glass container

Outline of your Experiment (what will be your workflow, start to finish? ):

Procedure:

Take 1 bitter orange and remove the peel

Dispose of the fruit

Place peel on clean flat surface (or hold in hand) with rind facing up
Use sharp knife to separate orange peel outer layer from inner pith layer (white soft portion)
Take about one quarter of the thin peel and grind in mortar for 5 minutes or until judged to be ‘well pulverized’
Estimate by eye the amount of ground peel that has been produced
Measure out a comparable amount of sulfur powder
Grind the two ingredients together for 5 minute or until well incorporated
Use spatula to transfer into glass container
Close container with imperfect seal
Store container in fume hood

(not damp but also don’t want production of carbon monoxide)

Variables:

Vary damp locations

Use Different Orange Varieties

Does the freshness and/or moisture content of the peel matter

Vary length of time grinding

Vary sulfur state (liquid)

MATERIAL 1: Oranges

Hazard statements from MSDSs for Various Materials:

Mild eye irritation

Safety Precautions:

Waste Management Plan:

Organic waste or common trash

MATERIAL 2: Sulfur

Hazard statements from MSDSs for Various Materials:

May form combustible dust concentrations in air
H315 Causes skin irritation
Causes eye irritation
Avoid inhalation of dust
May be corrosive to metals

Safety Precautions:

Use in fume hood (strong odor)
Causes skin irritation
Wear lab coat, safety goggles, and nitrile gloves
Avoid moisture, heat, flame, sparks:

when it burns it creates sulfur dioxide which can be fatal if inhaled or explosive if it mixes with oxidizing agents such as chlorates and nitrates
when it mixes with water it can create sulfuric acid which is extremely corrosive

“Dust is the main concern with solid sulphur so operators must: avoid clouds of dust in the air; exclude all ignition sources; implement regular dust inspections; ensure adequate equipment maintenance.” [1]

Waste Management Plan:

Incompatible strong oxidizing agents, Amines, Bases

Projected Waste:

Waste will likely be produced from:

the removal of the orange fruit from the peel (trash/organic waste)

the removal of the rind from the peel (trash/ organic waste)

the residue of sulfur on measuring utensils

residue of sulfur and orange peel on mortar and pestle, paintbrush

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