Charles Kang
Isabella Lores-Chavez
Fall 2016
Black Sulfured Wax
Appendix 1: Wax in Ms Fr 640
No. | Folio | Entry Type (H = heading; M = margin) | Heading | Wax or Derivative | State/Use | Purpose Category |
1 | 012v | H | Moulding stucco promptly | W | Melted wax + pulverized brick or Armenian bole or sanguine | Mold |
2 | 023r_1 | M (left bottom) | N/A | D | "waxed canvas" | CHECK |
3 | 026r_2 | H | Mortar | W | "a pure pierced wax plate" | Sealant |
4 | 035r_3 | H | To boil an egg in cold water without a fire | W | Plugging holes | Sealant |
5 | 042r_2 | H | Wax for seals and impressions | W | Kneaded, rolled, and ? | Mold |
6 | 042r_a3 | H | Casting in plaster | W | Melted and brushed | Casting aid |
7 | 044v_4 | H | Stucco | W | Wax (state unclear) + rosin + sulfur in equal amounts | CHECK |
8 | 045r_1 | H | Loading a pellet arquebus | D | "waxed cloth," "waxed paper" | CHECK |
9 | 047r_5 | H | Against diarrhea and dysentery | D | “wax oil” | Remedy |
10 | 050r_1 | H | Preserving fruit for the entire year | W | "a stopper of fresh wax" | Sealant |
11 | 050r_2 | H | Molding | W | "tallow or wax or sulfur" | Cast |
12 | 059v_6 | H | Mending cracks in a panel | W | Wax (solid but malleable) + painting oil. NB: "have some white wax, which is harder than the other sort" | Sealant, Repair |
13 | 066v_1 | H | Preventing the swelling of breasts or to make those that became too large smaller | W | "water from a beehive, which is to say honey and wax extracted all together from the beehive" | Remedy |
14 | 068r_3 cont. 068v | H | Casting | W | "flame of a wax candle that barely smokes" | Tool |
15 | 070r | M (left middle) | N/A | W | Added to give sufficient thickness to a medal | Casting aid |
16 | 071r_1 | H | Amber | W | Melted to boil amber | CHECK |
17 | 072v_1 | H | Casting | W | "would fold like wax" | Comparative metaphor |
18 | 074v_3 | H | Recipe for white gum | W | White wax + ceruse + "a little fine pitch" | CHECK |
19 | 074v_4 | H | Green gum | W | Green wax + "a little verdigris" | CHECK |
20 | 075r_1 | H | Red gum | W | "Red wax of vermillion" + "a little resin pitch" | CHECK |
21 | 076v_3 | H | For white gommiche | W | White wax + ceruse | CHECK |
22 | 080r_2 | H | Very hard white stucco | W | "White wax, turpentine of Venice, eggshell, and ceruse" | CHECK |
23 | 094r_a1 | H | Burnisher | W | "mingled wax, which is made of wax and pitch" | Adhesive? |
24 | 094r_1 cont. 096r | H | Burnisher | W | "waxed scabbard," "thin canvas, which one then waxes" | CHECK |
25 | 103r_1 | H | Excellent burn relief | W | Melted wax + 4 times linseed oil + holy water (for washing) | Remedy |
26 | 103v_4 | H | Earwax | N/A | ||
27 | 104v_a2 | H | For casting | W | Melted to mold | Mold |
28 | 109r_1 | H | Working in rough with wax | W | Hard/malleable and modelled | Sclupting material |
29 | 109r_2 | H | Wax for molding | W | Melted wax + sulfur | Cast |
30 | 109r_3 | H | Molding wax | W | Wax as pattern | Pattern |
31 | 109v_1 | H | Toad | W | Melted and added to cotton | Molding aid (support) |
32 | 112r_4 cont. 112v | H | Killing the animal to mold | W | Added to the animal's eyes | Molding aid (support) |
33 | 112v_1 cont. 113r | H | Affixing and arranging animals | W | Small piece used like solder | Molding aid (adhesive) |
34 | 114r_1 | M (left bottom) | N/A | W | Small piece used like solder | Molding aid (adhesive) |
35 | 116r_2 | H | Core molding the same sand for wax images, lead medals, and similar things | W | Wax as pattern/filler | Pattern |
36 | 116v_a1 | H | Casting snakes in all seasons | W | Cast and manipulated | Cast |
37 | 117r_a1 | H | A way to mold flowers and herbs | W | Wax peg | Molding aid (support) |
38 | 117v_a4 | H | Core molding wax figures or lead medals | W | Wax as pattern | Pattern |
39 | 120r_1 | H | Stamped medals made from wax | W | Wax + "a bit of resin to make it harder and firmer" | Molding aid? |
40 | 120v_5 | M (left middle) | N/A | W | "well-sealed with wax" | Sealant |
41 | 121r_1 | H | Keeping fruits throughout the year | W | "seal them well with wax to keep them from breathing" | Sealant |
42 | 122r_1 | H | Fixing different animals | W | Small piece used like solder | Molding aid (adhesive) |
43 | 122r_2 | H | Flower in the mouth of a snake | W | Added to molded animal | Molding aid (support) |
44 | 122v_2 | H | Molding hollow | W | Wax + tallow | Molding aid? |
45 | 124v_2 | H | Casting with gold | W | "cost a lot to rough out in wax" | Molding aid? |
46 | 124v_3 (& cont. 125r & fig 125r_1) | H | A way to make the gate for small female lizards | W | Rolled in filaments | Molding aid (channel) |
47 | 125r_a1 | H | Plaster | W | Wax mentioned as cast | Cast |
48 | 125v_a3 | H | Plaster to cast with wax | W | Wax mentioned as cast | Cast |
49 | 126r_a1 | H | Molding fruits and animals in sugar | W | Used to imitate grapes | Pattern |
50 | 126v_2 | H | Plaster | W | Added to pattern | Casting aid |
51 | 126v_3 cont. 127r | H | Plants that are difficult to burn in the noyau | W | Melted and added to pattern | Molding aid |
52 | 127r_a1 | H | Plaster mold for wax | W | "make your casts for wax very big" | Cast? |
53 | 129v_2 | M (right middle) | N/A | W | Wax added to pattern | Molding aid (support) |
54 | 129v_4 | H | Casting a spider on a leaf | W | Melted and added to pattern | Molding aid (support) |
55 | 130r_1 | H | Drying animals in an oven | W | "wax balls" | Sculpting material |
56 | 130v_3 | H | For molding thinly | W | Wax as mold? | Mold? |
57 | 131r_5 (& cont. 131v) | H | Molded wax | W | Wax as pattern | Pattern |
58 | 131r | M (left bottom) | N/A | W | "White wax is more delicate than the other, and it doesn't leave any filth when you want to mold it as a core, or to mold hollow" | |
59 | 131v_1 | H | When lead or tin casts fill with bubbles | W | "Very firm wax" | Repair |
60 | 133r_1 | H | Hard wax to imprint seals | W | "White wax, which is harder than the other" + cerussite or leaded white "very finely ground" + "a drop of turpentine" + color | CHECK |
61 | 133r_2 | H | Casting the feet of small lizards in gold and silver | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
62 | 133r_3 | H | Marks the points of iron thread which one finds on the head of an animal | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
63 | 133v_2 | H | Things that cannot be released from the mold | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid (adhesive) |
64 | 133v_3 (& cont. 134r) | H | Various animals entwined | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
65 | 134r_1 | H | To repair a pierced mold | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
66 | 134v_3 | H | Secret for soldering small works made of gold and silver | W | Mentioned as cast | Cast? |
67 | 135r_2 | H | Casting | W | Mentioned as cast | Cast? |
68 | 135r_3 | H | Vine leaf and small frog | W | Mentioned as cast | Cast? |
69 | 137r_2 | H | Huile tingente to make metal runny | W | "everything melts like wax" | Comparative metaphor |
70 | 137v_a1 (& cont. 138r) | H | Wetting sand to mold flat medals | W | Mentioned as pattern and added to pattern | Pattern & molding aid |
71 | 138v_3 | H | Imitation diamonds set into the work | W | "Imprinting black wax" | Adhesive? |
72 | 139v_1 (& cont. 140v) | H | Casting wax to mold an animal that one has not got | W | "White wax, which is much more appropriate…because it is much firmer and does not leave as much filth" + half quantity of ground coal + "as much sulfur as the amount of a large pulverized walnut" | Sculpting material & pattern & casting aid ? |
73 | 139v_1 | M (left top) | N/A | W | Referring to the above: "black sulfured wax" | |
74 | 139v_1 | M (left bottom) | N/A | W | "esbaucher wax of all colors" | |
75 | 140r | M (left middle) | N/A | W | "the wax has more silver" | |
76 | 140v_1 | H | To cast in sulfur | W | "Sulfur passed through melted wax" | Casting aid |
77 | 141r_1 cont. 141v & 142r | H | Casting a crayfish | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid (adhesive) |
78 | 142v_1 | H | Molding grasshoppers and things too thin | W | Wax not recommended | Molding aid |
79 | 143r_3 cont. 143v | H | Toad | W | "waxless" & casting material? | Cast? |
80 | 143v_1 | H | Openwork carcanets | W | "rough cast in wax" | Cast? |
81 | 145v_1 | H | Moulding herbs and flowers | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
82 | 145v_2 cont. 146r | H | Flowers | W | Wax casting | Casting aid |
83 | 146v_1 (& cont. 147r) | H | Molding turtles | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
84 | 149v_1 | H | Molding vases in several pieces | W | Added to wood as pattern | Pattern |
85 | 149v_4 | H | Bats | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
86 | 150r_1 | H | Very strong wax | W | Wax + resin + bole | Cast |
87 | 150v_1 (& cont. 151r) | H | Molding hollow | W | "Half tallow and half black wax"; "the white wax you have used to make black sulfured wax has so little substance, being dry and purified, that it leaves nothing with it" | Casting aid |
88 | 152v_1 | H | Repairing things that have been cast | W | Used for taking an imprint? | Repair aid |
89 | 153r_1 | H | Moulding the hollow part of a mold for seals or other things | W | "Your wax must be mixed with a color that has little body, so that you may better see your imprint. The lamp black or soot black is good for this. White wax to do this is even better." | Pattern & molding aid |
90 | 155r_a1 | H | Moulding a rose | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
91 | 155v_1 | H | Rose | W | "Esbaucher wax, which is a white wax mixed with much well-ground ceruse, or even better, white lead." | Finishing material |
92 | 156r_1 | H | Quickly molding and reducing a relief to a hollow | W | Impressed and used as noyau | Molding aid |
93 | 156v_1 | H | Moulding a fly | W | "Esbaucher wax, which is a white wax that is mixed with a lot of ceruse or white lead" | Moldng aid |
94 | 157r_1 | H | The mode in which goldsmiths mold hollow molds | W | Pattern | Sculpting material & pattern |
95 | 157r_3 | H | Flies | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid (adhesive) |
96 | 158v_4 | H | Casts | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid (support) |
97 | 159r_a1 | H | Portraits in wax | W | White wax + white lead | Pattern |
98 | 159v_a4 | H | Unmixed plaster | W | "as you would with wax" | Comparative metaphor |
99 | 160v_a1 | H | Moulding a foot or a hand | W | Impressed to form mold | Mold |
100 | 163v_1 | H | Crayfish | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
101 | 165r_1 | H | To repair | W | "Black or gray filling gum wax" | Repair |
102 | 165r_6 | H | Reparing snakes and lizards | W | "Gray or black wax" | Repair |
103 | 165v_a1 | H | Positioning animals | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid (adhesive) |
104 | 165v_a6 | H | Fly wings | W | Added to pattern | Molding aid |
105 | 165v_a7 | H | Attaching a fly wing or something similar | W | Added to pattern or finish? | Molding aid or finish? |
106 | 166v_3 | H | Scented candles from Le Mans | W | Description | Candle |
107 | 167r_1 cont. 167v & 168r | H | Mortars | W | "A cake of well pressed wax," "slabs of wax" | Sealant? |
108 | 169v_2 (& cont. 170r) | H | Reducing a round form into a hollow one | W | "Black wax mixed with sulfur as we have seen before, because it leaves nothing in the mold and melts quicker" | Molding aid |
109 | 170r_6 | H | How to clean closed molds | W | "Give it volume before casting the tail with wax" | CHECK |