Charles Kang

Isabella Lores-Chavez

Fall 2016

Black Sulfured Wax

Appendix 1: Wax in Ms Fr 640

No.

Folio

Entry Type

(H = heading;

M = margin)

Heading

Wax or Derivative

State/Use

Purpose Category

1

012v

H

Moulding stucco promptly

W

Melted wax + pulverized brick or Armenian bole or sanguine

Mold

2

023r_1

M (left bottom)

N/A

D

"waxed canvas"

CHECK

3

026r_2

H

Mortar

W

"a pure pierced wax plate"

Sealant

4

035r_3

H

To boil an egg in cold water without a fire

W

Plugging holes

Sealant

5

042r_2

H

Wax for seals and impressions

W

Kneaded, rolled, and ?

Mold

6

042r_a3

H

Casting in plaster

W

Melted and brushed

Casting aid

7

044v_4

H

Stucco

W

Wax (state unclear) + rosin + sulfur in equal amounts

CHECK

8

045r_1

H

Loading a pellet arquebus

D

"waxed cloth," "waxed paper"

CHECK

9

047r_5

H

Against diarrhea and dysentery

D

“wax oil”

Remedy

10

050r_1

H

Preserving fruit for the entire year

W

"a stopper of fresh wax"

Sealant

11

050r_2

H

Molding

W

"tallow or wax or sulfur"

Cast

12

059v_6

H

Mending cracks in a panel

W

Wax (solid but malleable) + painting oil. NB: "have some white wax, which is harder than the other sort"

Sealant, Repair

13

066v_1

H

Preventing the swelling of breasts or to make those that became too large smaller

W

"water from a beehive, which is to say honey and wax extracted all together from the beehive"

Remedy

14

068r_3 cont. 068v

H

Casting

W

"flame of a wax candle that barely smokes"

Tool

15

070r

M (left middle)

N/A

W

Added to give sufficient thickness to a medal

Casting aid

16

071r_1

H

Amber

W

Melted to boil amber

CHECK

17

072v_1

H

Casting

W

"would fold like wax"

Comparative metaphor

18

074v_3

H

Recipe for white gum

W

White wax + ceruse + "a little fine pitch"

CHECK

19

074v_4

H

Green gum

W

Green wax + "a little verdigris"

CHECK

20

075r_1

H

Red gum

W

"Red wax of vermillion" + "a little resin pitch"

CHECK

21

076v_3

H

For white gommiche

W

White wax + ceruse

CHECK

22

080r_2

H

Very hard white stucco

W

"White wax, turpentine of Venice, eggshell, and ceruse"

CHECK

23

094r_a1

H

Burnisher

W

"mingled wax, which is made of wax and pitch"

Adhesive?

24

094r_1 cont. 096r

H

Burnisher

W

"waxed scabbard," "thin canvas, which one then waxes"

CHECK

25

103r_1

H

Excellent burn relief

W

Melted wax + 4 times linseed oil + holy water (for washing)

Remedy

26

103v_4

H

Earwax

N/A

27

104v_a2

H

For casting

W

Melted to mold

Mold

28

109r_1

H

Working in rough with wax

W

Hard/malleable and modelled

Sclupting material

29

109r_2

H

Wax for molding

W

Melted wax + sulfur

Cast

30

109r_3

H

Molding wax

W

Wax as pattern

Pattern

31

109v_1

H

Toad

W

Melted and added to cotton

Molding aid (support)

32

112r_4 cont. 112v

H

Killing the animal to mold

W

Added to the animal's eyes

Molding aid (support)

33

112v_1 cont. 113r

H

Affixing and arranging animals

W

Small piece used like solder

Molding aid (adhesive)

34

114r_1

M (left bottom)

N/A

W

Small piece used like solder

Molding aid (adhesive)

35

116r_2

H

Core molding the same sand for wax images, lead medals, and similar things

W

Wax as pattern/filler

Pattern

36

116v_a1

H

Casting snakes in all seasons

W

Cast and manipulated

Cast

37

117r_a1

H

A way to mold flowers and herbs

W

Wax peg

Molding aid (support)

38

117v_a4

H

Core molding wax figures or lead medals

W

Wax as pattern

Pattern

39

120r_1

H

Stamped medals made from wax

W

Wax + "a bit of resin to make it harder and firmer"

Molding aid?

40

120v_5

M (left middle)

N/A

W

"well-sealed with wax"

Sealant

41

121r_1

H

Keeping fruits throughout the year

W

"seal them well with wax to keep them from breathing"

Sealant

42

122r_1

H

Fixing different animals

W

Small piece used like solder

Molding aid (adhesive)

43

122r_2

H

Flower in the mouth of a snake

W

Added to molded animal

Molding aid (support)

44

122v_2

H

Molding hollow

W

Wax + tallow

Molding aid?

45

124v_2

H

Casting with gold

W

"cost a lot to rough out in wax"

Molding aid?

46

124v_3 (& cont. 125r & fig 125r_1)

H

A way to make the gate for small female lizards

W

Rolled in filaments

Molding aid (channel)

47

125r_a1

H

Plaster

W

Wax mentioned as cast

Cast

48

125v_a3

H

Plaster to cast with wax

W

Wax mentioned as cast

Cast

49

126r_a1

H

Molding fruits and animals in sugar

W

Used to imitate grapes

Pattern

50

126v_2

H

Plaster

W

Added to pattern

Casting aid

51

126v_3 cont. 127r

H

Plants that are difficult to burn in the noyau

W

Melted and added to pattern

Molding aid

52

127r_a1

H

Plaster mold for wax

W

"make your casts for wax very big"

Cast?

53

129v_2

M (right middle)

N/A

W

Wax added to pattern

Molding aid (support)

54

129v_4

H

Casting a spider on a leaf

W

Melted and added to pattern

Molding aid (support)

55

130r_1

H

Drying animals in an oven

W

"wax balls"

Sculpting material

56

130v_3

H

For molding thinly

W

Wax as mold?

Mold?

57

131r_5 (& cont. 131v)

H

Molded wax

W

Wax as pattern

Pattern

58

131r

M (left bottom)

N/A

W

"White wax is more delicate than the other, and it doesn't leave any filth when you want to mold it as a core, or to mold hollow"

59

131v_1

H

When lead or tin casts fill with bubbles

W

"Very firm wax"

Repair

60

133r_1

H

Hard wax to imprint seals

W

"White wax, which is harder than the other" + cerussite or leaded white "very finely ground" + "a drop of turpentine" + color

CHECK

61

133r_2

H

Casting the feet of small lizards in gold and silver

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

62

133r_3

H

Marks the points of iron thread which one finds on the head of an animal

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

63

133v_2

H

Things that cannot be released from the mold

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid (adhesive)

64

133v_3 (& cont. 134r)

H

Various animals entwined

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

65

134r_1

H

To repair a pierced mold

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

66

134v_3

H

Secret for soldering small works made of gold and silver

W

Mentioned as cast

Cast?

67

135r_2

H

Casting

W

Mentioned as cast

Cast?

68

135r_3

H

Vine leaf and small frog

W

Mentioned as cast

Cast?

69

137r_2

H

Huile tingente to make metal runny

W

"everything melts like wax"

Comparative metaphor

70

137v_a1 (& cont. 138r)

H

Wetting sand to mold flat medals

W

Mentioned as pattern and added to pattern

Pattern & molding aid

71

138v_3

H

Imitation diamonds set into the work

W

"Imprinting black wax"

Adhesive?

72

139v_1 (& cont. 140v)

H

Casting wax to mold an animal that one has not got

W

"White wax, which is much more appropriate…because it is much firmer and does not leave as much filth" + half quantity of ground coal + "as much sulfur as the amount of a large pulverized walnut"

Sculpting material & pattern & casting aid ?

73

139v_1

M (left top)

N/A

W

Referring to the above: "black sulfured wax"

74

139v_1

M (left bottom)

N/A

W

"esbaucher wax of all colors"

75

140r

M (left middle)

N/A

W

"the wax has more silver"

76

140v_1

H

To cast in sulfur

W

"Sulfur passed through melted wax"

Casting aid

77

141r_1 cont. 141v & 142r

H

Casting a crayfish

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid (adhesive)

78

142v_1

H

Molding grasshoppers and things too thin

W

Wax not recommended

Molding aid

79

143r_3 cont. 143v

H

Toad

W

"waxless" & casting material?

Cast?

80

143v_1

H

Openwork carcanets

W

"rough cast in wax"

Cast?

81

145v_1

H

Moulding herbs and flowers

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

82

145v_2 cont. 146r

H

Flowers

W

Wax casting

Casting aid

83

146v_1 (& cont. 147r)

H

Molding turtles

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

84

149v_1

H

Molding vases in several pieces

W

Added to wood as pattern

Pattern

85

149v_4

H

Bats

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

86

150r_1

H

Very strong wax

W

Wax + resin + bole

Cast

87

150v_1 (& cont. 151r)

H

Molding hollow

W

"Half tallow and half black wax"; "the white wax you have used to make black sulfured wax has so little substance, being dry and purified, that it leaves nothing with it"

Casting aid

88

152v_1

H

Repairing things that have been cast

W

Used for taking an imprint?

Repair aid

89

153r_1

H

Moulding the hollow part of a mold for seals or other things

W

"Your wax must be mixed with a color that has little body, so that you may better see your imprint. The lamp black or soot black is good for this. White wax to do this is even better."

Pattern & molding aid

90

155r_a1

H

Moulding a rose

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

91

155v_1

H

Rose

W

"Esbaucher wax, which is a white wax mixed with much well-ground ceruse, or even better, white lead."

Finishing material

92

156r_1

H

Quickly molding and reducing a relief to a hollow

W

Impressed and used as noyau

Molding aid

93

156v_1

H

Moulding a fly

W

"Esbaucher wax, which is a white wax that is mixed with a lot of ceruse or white lead"

Moldng aid

94

157r_1

H

The mode in which goldsmiths mold hollow molds

W

Pattern

Sculpting material & pattern

95

157r_3

H

Flies

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid (adhesive)

96

158v_4

H

Casts

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid (support)

97

159r_a1

H

Portraits in wax

W

White wax + white lead

Pattern

98

159v_a4

H

Unmixed plaster

W

"as you would with wax"

Comparative metaphor

99

160v_a1

H

Moulding a foot or a hand

W

Impressed to form mold

Mold

100

163v_1

H

Crayfish

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

101

165r_1

H

To repair

W

"Black or gray filling gum wax"

Repair

102

165r_6

H

Reparing snakes and lizards

W

"Gray or black wax"

Repair

103

165v_a1

H

Positioning animals

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid (adhesive)

104

165v_a6

H

Fly wings

W

Added to pattern

Molding aid

105

165v_a7

H

Attaching a fly wing or something similar

W

Added to pattern or finish?

Molding aid or finish?

106

166v_3

H

Scented candles from Le Mans

W

Description

Candle

107

167r_1 cont. 167v & 168r

H

Mortars

W

"A cake of well pressed wax," "slabs of wax"

Sealant?

108

169v_2 (& cont. 170r)

H

Reducing a round form into a hollow one

W

"Black wax mixed with sulfur as we have seen before, because it leaves nothing in the mold and melts quicker"

Molding aid

109

170r_6

H

How to clean closed molds

W

"Give it volume before casting the tail with wax"

CHECK